REMOTE SENSING

REMOTE SENSING

Sabins (1996) in Kerle, et al. (2004) explains that remote sensing is the science to acquire, process and interpret images that have been recorded coming from the interaction between electromagnetic waves with a object. Meanwhile, according to Lillesand and Kiefer (1993), Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through the analysis of data obtained with an instrument without direct contact with the object, area or phenomenon under review.

Remote sensing data obtained from a satellite, aircraft air balloon or other vehicle. These data are derived recording sensors have different characteristics at each height level which ultimately determines the difference of remote sensing data that is generated (Richards and Jia, 2006).

Remote sensing data collection can be done in various forms according to the power used. Energy use can be variations power distribution, the distribution of sound waves or electromagnetic energy distribution (Purwadhi, 2001).

General scheme of Remote Sensing

Remote sensing depends on the energy of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic wave  can originate from many things, but the most important electromagnetic waves on remote sensing is sunlight. Many sensors use reflected sunlight energy as a source of electromagnetic waves, but there are several remote sensing sensors that use the energy emitted by the Earth and that emitted by the sensor itself. Sensors that utilize the energy of the reflected sunlight or earth energy called passive sensors, while the use of energy from the sensor itself is called active sensors (Kerle, et al., 2004)

Analysis of remote sensing data requires reference data such as thematic maps, statistical data and field data. Nalisa results obtained in the form of information on landscape, land cover types, site conditions and the condition of the resource location. Such information is for users can be utilized to assist in the decision making process in developing the area. The entire process start of data retrieval, data analysis through the use of the data is called the Remote Sensing Systems (Purwadhi, 2001)

A.    Remote Sensing (Remote Sensing)

1.      Definition of Remote Sensing (Remote Sensing):

Here is the definition Senses far according to some experts

a.       Remote sensing (remote sensing), namely the use of electromagnetic radiation sensor to record images of the Earth's environment that can be interpreted so as to produce useful information (Curran, 1985).

b.      Remote Sensing (remote sensing) is the science and art of obtaining information about an object area, or phenomenon through the analysis of data obtained with an instrument without direct contact with the object, area, or phenomenon studied (Lillesand and Kiefer, 1998)

c.       Everett and Simonett (1976): Remote sensing is a science, because there is a certain systematic order to analyze the information from the earth's surface, this knowledge must be coordinated with several other scientific experts such as geology, soil, urban, and so forth.

d.      Remote sensing (remote sensing), which is a measurement or acquisition of data on objects in the earth's surface from satellites or other instruments over much of the sensed object (Colwell, 1984). Aerial photographs, satellite imagery, and radar images is some form of remote sensing.

e.       Remote sensing (remote sensing), the science to get information about the earth's surface such as land and water from the images obtained from a distance (Campbell, 1987). It is usually associated with the measurement of reflectance or emission of electromagnetic waves from an object.

f.       Remote sensing (remote sensing), namely, art science and technology in obtaining information about objects or phenomena in the (near) surface of the earth through the medium of recording objects or phenomena that harness energy from electromagnetic waves and achieve results in the form of image recording.

B. Benefits of Remote Sensing of the various disciplines:

1)  MAKING THE MAP

Map image is the image that has been geographically referenced so it can be considered as a map. Spatial information presented in the map images are raster data derived from satellite imagery recording the results of natural resources continuously. Map image provides all the information recorded on the earth without any generalization.
The role of the map image (map space) in the future will become important as an effort to accelerate the availability and the determination of basic needs maps that did not cover the entire national territory on a global scale with the latest information (up to date). Map image has the advantage of information on regular maps. This is because the image is a real picture of the earth's surface, while the regular maps are based on generalizations and selection of natural or man-made landscapes. For example the basic maps and soil maps.
2)  METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS (METEOSAT, TIROS, AND NOAA)

Benefits of remote sensing in the field of meteorology is as follows.
a. Observing the climate of a region through observation weather level and water content in the air.

b. Helping weather analysis and forecasting / prediction by determining the area of ​​high pressure and low pressure areas as well as storms and cyclones
observe system / surface wind patterns.

d. Conduct meteorological modeling and climatological data sets.

3)  FIELD Oceanography (SEASAT)

Benefits of remote sensing in the field of oceanography (marine) are as follows.
a. Observing the physical properties of the sea, such as surface temperature, surface currents, and salinity of visible light (000-200 m).

b. Observing the ocean tides and waves (height, direction, and frequency).
c. Finding the location of upwelling, singking and distribution of surface temperature.
d. Conducting studies coastal changes, erosion, and sedimentation (LANDSAT and SPOT).

4)  Hydrological (LANDSAT / ERS, SPOT)

Benefits of remote sensing in the field of hydrology is as follows.

a. Monitoring watersheds and river conservation.

b. Mapping of the river and river sedimentation studies.

c. Monitoring the intensity of the flood area.

5) FIELD SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS, GEOLOGY, Geodesy, AND THE ENVIRONMENT (LANDSAT, GEOSAT)

Benefits of remote sensing in the field of geophysics, geology, and geodesy are as follows.
a. Mapping the surface, in addition to shooting with the aircraft and using GIS applications.

b. Determine the geological structure and the kinds of rocks.

c. To monitor the disaster (fire), monitoring of volcanic activity, and monitoring the spread of volcanic dust

d. To monitor the distribution of natural resources, such as forests (location, type, density, and destruction), minerals (uranium, gold, petroleum, and coal).

e. Conduct monitoring of marine pollution and the oil layer in the ocean.

f. To monitor air pollution and marine pollution. (Dra. Sri Hartati Soenarmo MSP, 1993)